Jul 28, 2019 welcome to this online course on petroleum products. Ooo kuliginskoe llc is strongly committed to conducting its business affairs with honesty and integrity and in full compliance with all laws, rules and regulations applicable. Petroleum products there are specifications for over 2,000 individual refinery products intermediate feedstocks can be routed to various units to produce different blend stocks. In general, united states prefers gasoline to diesel whereas the rest of the world prefers diesel to gasoline. Trevisan3 1laboratory of miscible displacement methods, center for petroleum studies, university of campinas, cp 6122, cep. Petroleum product an overview sciencedirect topics. Petroleum refining and the prod uction of ulsg and ulsd october 24, 2011 page 3 3. Petroleum is a thick mixture of hydrocarbons and is found under the earth as crude oil, or petroleum that is unrefined. Petroleum engineering downstream analytical methods and techniques applied to crude oil and petroleum products james g. Pdf thermal properties of petroleum and gastoliquid. Petroleum and its products encyclopedia of life support systems. A latin word petra means rock and oleum means oil therefore rock oil hydrocarbons hydrocarbon generaly another term used with word petroleum for any of its forms.
A latin word petra means rock and oleum means oil therefore rock oil. Pdf thermal properties of petroleum and gastoliquid products. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum. Properties, specifications, and quality of crude oil and. Encyclopedia of life support systems eolss contain appreciable quantities of propane, propylene, butanes, and butylenes. It includes new chapters on petroleum gas condensates and volatile oils, while the discussion on oilfield waters is extended.
Special structural design procedures, for example, neuralnetworkbased. Density is a state function and for a pure compound depends on both temperature and pressure and is shown by. The liquid petroleum is usually colored from dark brown to bluish black or black, exhibiting sometimes bloom or fluorescence. First observations regarding the presence of microorganisms in petroleum products appeared in the late 19 th and the early 20 th century.
Not all of these properties are important for every product and usually additional specifications are required for each fuel, including, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and fuel oil. The purpose of this paper is to examine the chemical, physical, and toxic properties of the refined petroleum products. Many specialized petroleum products are developed by the military services to ensure adequate performance of complex and highly specialized military equipment. Most motor oils are made from a heavier, thicker petroleum hydrocarbon base stock derived from crude oil, with additives to improve certain properties. These long chains give the crude oil two properties. Petroleum petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellowtoblack liquid found in geologic formations beneath the earths surface, which is commonly refined into various types of fuels. Hydrocarbons are molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen. Evaluation and characterization of physiochemical properties of petroleum products is crucial to predict environmental behaviour in the event of spills. This publication, significance of tests for petroleum products. Hydrocarbons are molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Manual 50 mnl50 characterization and properties of petroleum. Physiochemical properties of petroleum products open. Thermal properties of petroleum and gastoliquid products. Various properties of calcined cokes from several refineries were analyzed. Adel sharif hamadi composition of petroleum petroleum occurs in nature in all three possible states solid, liquid and gas. Lpg automotive gasoline kerosene jet fuel gas oil heating oil heavy fuel oil naphtha asphalts. Petroleum refinery activities start with receipt of. Petroleum is a mixture of a very large number of different hydrocarbons. The physical and chemical properties of petroleum on globalspec. Significance of tests for petroleum products 9th edition. Jarullah physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products 1 density, specific gravity, and api gravity density is defined as mass per unit volume of a fluid. This database is a collection of physical properties, chemical compositions and simulated environmental.
Complete sets of such data, however, are not available in the literature due to the complexity and expense of making the measurements. Welcome to this online course on petroleum products. Data of various observers on specific heat of petroleum oils compared with bureau of standards data as expressed by. The fuel can be blended to give gasoline, jet fuel, heating oil, diesel fuel and heavier fuel oils. Oct 08, 2016 physical and chemical properties of petroleum 1. Physical properties of oil api gravity american petroleum institute pure water has arbitrary api gravity of 10 light crudes are generally those with an api gravity over 40. Petroleum coke green and calcined is produced by the high pressure thermal decomposition of heavy petroleum process streams and residues. Mo content of calcined cokes studied varies less in the large of 53. Microbiology of petroleum products is a very diverse subject related to aviation, marine, and automotive fuels, transformer oils, lubricants, greases, oil emulsions, and asphalt. This book complements the book handbook of petroleum analysisj. Some physical constants of the lighter hydrocarbons and other components of petroleum gases and liquids are given in table 21.
Analytical methods and techniques applied to crude oil and. Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products. This course is designed to provide you with a deep knowledge of petroleum products properties, specifications, markets and demands. Not all of these properties are important for every product and usually additional specifications are required for each fuel, including, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and fuel. The largest petroleum product is used as energy carriers which include fuel, oil and gasoline. Oct 19, 2014 physical and chemical properties of petroleum 1. Covers over 100 thermodynamic and physical properties, which are applicable to a wide range of pure compounds, mixtures, petroleum fractions, petroleum products, heavy residues, waxes. Thermal properties of petroleum products 27 table 11. Foreign incentive to ship excess gasoline to us, especially to the east coast from europe. Characterization and properties of petroleum fractions. Overview petroleum exploration is largely concerned with the search for oil and gas, two of the chemically and physically diverse group of compounds termed the hydrocarbons.
Jarullah physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products. Unfortunately, less than 5% of the worlds remaining petroleum reserves are of this quality. Pdf physical properties as indication for chemical composition of. Thermodynamic and transport properties have been calculated for air, the combustion products of natural gas and air, and combustion products of astma1 jet fuel and air. Chemical and physical properties of refined petroleum products.
Good models of oil and petroleum products fate and behaviours are essential for spill preparedness planning, environmental effects and impact assessments, and choosing response and countermeasure strategies for the cleaning of spills. Various investigations and studies are reported on the safety and hazards in petroleum and refining industries. This combination of properties makes the olddeep crudes the most desirable. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum products james g. This information can inform the prediction and modeling of fate and behavior of the oils in different environmental conditions. Jarullah physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products 1 density, specific gravity, and api gravity density is defined as mass per. Unfortunately, the properties routinely measured by oil producers and refiners are not the ones that onscene commanders need to know most urgently. Speight encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. Many of these physical properties are given in the standard references such as nelson 1958, american petroleum institute 1966, and natural gas processors suppliers association 1981. For heavy products, properties such as viscosity, sulfur content, wax and asphaltene contents, and carbon residues are measured and reported.
Crude oil properties classification based on gravity light api 38o medium 38o api 29o heavy 29o api 8. Green coke undergoes additional thermal processing to produce calcined coke. In addition to emphasizing efficient use of oil products and enhancing fuel. Petroleum streamsfrom crude oil to products such as. Properties of petroleum products critical properties the critical properties of a product determine the adequacy of that product for its intended use. Discusses light and heavy, liquid and vapor, and low and high pressure systems. Introduction properties of crude oils and oil products oilproduction.
Properties of petroleum the elemental composition of petroleum is much less variable than that of coal. Introduction petroleum also called crude oil astm test method d4175 meaning literally rock. Astm method d 4294 standard test method for sulfur in petroleum products by energydispersive xray. It is a mixture of about 10 different types of fairly simple hydrocarbons, depending on its source. Each petroleum variety has a unique mix of molecules, which define its physical and chemical properties, like color. Pdf abstract two types of crude oil from hassira and khurmala crude oil distilled. The most important substances present are hydrocarbons, which are compounds containing. Hydrocarbons hydrocarbon generaly another term used with word petroleum for any of its forms. Petroleum, complex mixture of hydrocarbons that occur in earth in liquid, gaseous, or solid form. It is produced from the fractional distillation of crude oil between 200 c and 350 c at atmospheric pressure, resulting in a mixture of carbon chains that typically contain between 8 and 21 carbon atoms per molecule with specific gravity range of 0. Handbook of petroleum product analysis, 2nd edition wiley. Covers over 100 thermodynamic and physical properties, which are applicable to a wide range of pure compounds, mixtures, petroleum fractions, petroleum products, heavy residues, waxes, asphaltenes, crude oils, natural gases, reservoir fluids, and coal liquids.
Full text of thermal properties of petroleum products. We transform petroleum into thousands of useful substances. Multicomponent composition and corresponding physical properties data of crude oils and petroleum products are needed as input to environmental fate simulations. The properties of petroleum fluids, 3rd edition by william d. Methods for sampling and analysis of environmental media for the family of phcs are generally thought of as tph methods. Those with an api gravity below 40 are regarded as heavy there is an inverse relationship between api gravity and density. It is necessary to identify occupational health hazard in addition to occupational safety hazard.
Fundamentals of the petroleum refining industry crude oil and its properties classes of r efinery processes and refinery configurations properties of the refinery produced streams blendstocks that make up gasoline and diesel fuel refinery processing options for producing ulsg and ulsd. These properties are the basis for the chemistry of petroleum. Hence, to understand the fundamentals of petroleum refining, one must begin with crude oil. The term is often restricted to the liquid form, commonly called crude oil, but, as a technical term, petroleum also includes natural gas and the viscous or solid form known as bitumen, which is found.
Speight encyclopedia of life support systems eolss refinery gas c1 c4 161 1 259 31 liquefied petroleum gas c3 c4 42 1 44 31 naphtha c5 c17 36 302 97 575 gasoline c4 c12 1 216 31 421. This course is designed to provide you with a deep knowledge of petroleum products properties, specifications, markets and. Introduces the reader to the production of the products in a refinery introduces the reader to the types of test methods applied to petroleum products, including the need for specifications provides detailed explanations for accurately analyzing and characterizing modern petroleum products rewritten to include new and evolving test methods updates on the evolving test methods. Chapter 2 physical properties of petroleum gases and liquids. Crude oil at a glance refineries exist to convert crude oil into finished petroleum products. Mccains acclaimed text expands on the various compounds of this essential hydrocarbon. Introduction properties of crude oils and oil products vii during any oil spill incident, the properties of the spilled oil must be known immediately.
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